10 Types of robot sensors.

Sensors are the vision of robots. Sensors allow robots to see the physical world and its properties. Sensors always give feedback(input) to the robot. Here are the 10 types of robot sensors that use in robots

It is better to know the introduction to the sensor (visit what the sensor is)

These are some properties that measure on sensors.

• Sound
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Velocity
• Acceleration
• Luminance
• Weight
• Force
• Weight
• Position

These sensing features are beneficial to the process of robots. Sensors are dependent on types of robots and according to their purpose.

Light sensors:-

          This sensor is sensitive to light and generates voltage differences according to the light intensity, which falls on the sensor’s surface. Photovoltaic cells and photoresistors are the primary light sensors used on light sensors.

Photovoltaic cells:-

photovoltaic means that convert solar light energy to electrical energy; these photovoltaic cells are using solar panels and solar robots. It has a maximum open-circuit voltage (0.5 to 0.6). This cell acts as a voltage source and combines capacitor and transistor; it works as a sensor.

Photoresistors:- resistor able to detect light. The resistance can be changed according to the light intensity that falls on the sensor surface. If the sun is less, the strength will high, or light is low resistance will high. There is an inversely proportional relationship between light and power. in general, this sensor called a Light-dependent resistor (LDR)

Sound sensors:-

  This sensor is a microphone, according to the levels of sound that can generate a voltage. You may see if we give the clap condition for the robots, it will turn left or right .this is the most common example for sound sensors. In some robots, we respond to our speech because of the sound sensor (the sensor help to catch the sound from the environment ). This sensor generates a small voltage difference according to the sound level. Therefore, we used a preamplifier to increase that voltage as a measurable voltage.

Temperature sensors:-

One of the essential sensors for any robot. As the name says, these sensors able to detect various temperatures. The principle is due to the multiple temperatures; it will produce voltage difference. these are the most common sensors that you can find on the market TMP37, TMP35, LM34, TMP36, and LM35

Pressure sensors:- 

This sensor is used to measure the pressure of forces or objects. these sensors are essential in industry, ex:-

in robot arms, move objects from one place to another place it is essential to measure the pressure on the grip to hold that any purpose, if the demand is high, the use might be broken or grip is less pressure the use will slip

Position sensors:- 

As the name says, this sensor is used where the robot to identify the relative position of the robots (positional feedback). Displacement, velocity, rotational moments are some factors that apply in poison sensors. The potentiometer is the most common position sensor. Encoders are another type of position sensor .ex:- the rotation of the robot wheel to determine its distance traveled along the ground.

GPS is the most common position sensor. We also use this on our mobile phones. The robots can find the correct location with the help of a GPS.

A digital magnetic compass is the type of position sensor. It provides the directional measurement for robots. Philips KMZ51 is an example of a magnetic field sensor.

Gyroscope sensors :

It is a type of sensor that use to measure the orientation based on the angular velocity. These sensors are beneficial to balance the robot.

Acceleration:- 

this sensor can measure acceleration and tilt. An accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration. The accelerometer can measure two types of forces.

Static force – static force is a frictional force between two objects. This force is the week and constant. this measurement is helpful to balance the robot and determine robot move on the flat or uphill surface

Dynamic force – Dynamic force is acceleration to move any object from the surface. Accelerometer used to measure acceleration. it identifies how much acceleration need for the movement of the robot

There are various types of Accelerometers in the market; you have to choose which accelerometer is most suable for your robot.

Current and voltage sensors

Current sensors are used to measure the current through the circuit. Voltage sensors are used to measure the amount of voltage on the circuit. Both the AC and DC voltages can be measured.

Proximity sensors:-

These sensors can detect the presence of nearby with non-physical contact .these sensors have long-term durability because of no moving parts and without physical contact. Ultrasonic, IR, inductive, and capacitive are the most common proximity sensors.

 Ultrasonic sensor – distance sensor is another name for that. In simple terms, this sensor uses to measure the distance between objects .this sensor consist of a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter sends an ultrasonic wave, and that wave hits the object, then the wave bounces back and catches the receiver, using that it can measure distance. This sensor use to find and avoid the obstacle when driving the robot.

IR sensor:- this sensor helps to robot avoid the obstacle. The IR hits the object and reflects light that catches the IR receiver. The most common example is the Line follower robot for IR sensors.

Tactile sensors:-

These sensors are data acquisition sensors that gathered data with the interaction of the physical environment. It categorizes as touch sensors and force sensors, and more. This sensor is sensitive to touch, pressure, or force. This sensor also connects with our body and the transmission signal from the nervous system.

This function is helpful to give the human signal for the robots ex – we can connect to the robot arm and human arm through a touch sensor; according to the movement of the human hand, the robot arm will move.

Chemical sensors – 

This sensor use in industrial robots to measure the concentration of chemical solutions. Mobile robots are commonly used in these sensors.